名词性从句指的是在主句中起的作用相当于名词的从句，主要包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

宾语从句

宾语从句的引导词

在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词有从属连词that、whether、if；连接代词who、whom、whose、what、which、whoever、whomever、whosever、whatever、whichever等；连接副词when、where、why、how、whenever、wherever、however等。

动词的宾语从句

大多数及物动词可以带宾语从句，有些短语动词也可带宾语从句。宾语从句有时用形式宾语 it 代替，而将从句后置。that引导宾语从句时一般可省略。

He told us they would help us through the whole work.

他告诉我们他们会帮助我们完成整个工作。

He didn&39;t tell me where the meeting would be held.

他没有告诉我会议在哪里开。

Do you know who won the first prize?

你知道谁获得了一等奖吗?

He hasn&39;t made it known when he is going to get married.

他还没宜布他何时结婚。

I feel it a pity I haven&39;t been to the party.

我觉得我没去参加聚会是个遗憾。

I hope you can join us in watching the game.

我希望你能和我们一起看这场比赛。

I expect your team will win.

我预计你们队会赢。

He told me that he would come to the wedding reception.

他告诉我他会来参加婚宴的。

Scientists point out that the globe is getting warmer and warmer.

科学家指出地球正在逐渐变暖。

[微风]特别提示

有些动词如appreciate、hate、take、owe、have、see to等后跟宾语从句时要先在从句前加it。

Please see to it that the children go to bed by nine o&39;clock.

请务必使孩子们在9点之前上床睡觉。

若宾语从句由wh-引导，其后有to be短语作宾语补足语时，则不可用it代替。

We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.

我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。

We all consider it to be unbelievable what you said.

介词的宾语从句

一般情况下介词后不跟that、if引导的从句，只能跟wh-类连接词引导的宾语从句。

We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.

我们正在谈论是否允许学生加入我们的俱乐部。

Kate was interested in what she had seen at the exhibition.

凯特对她在展览上看到的东西很感兴趣。

注意

that引导的从句作介词宾语时，需要用形式宾语 it 替代，然后将that从句放在最后。

You may depend on it that I shall always help you.

你要相信我，我会一直帮助你的。

形容词的宾语从句

sure、certain、glad、pleased、 happy、afraid、surprised、satisfied、sorry等表示情感的形容词后的从句常被视为宾语从句。

I&39;m not sure whether they&39;ll agree with us.

我不确定他们是否会同意我们的意见。

I&39;m satisfied that they are telling the truth.

我很满意他们讲的是真话。

He was glad that she&39;d come.

他很高兴她要来了。

I&39;m extremely sorry that I have troubled you so much.

我非常抱歉给您带来了这么多麻烦。

if 和 whether 的区别

1.介词后的宾语从句一般用whether引导

The teacher worried about whether she had hurt the girl&39;s feelings.

老师担心她是否伤害了那个女孩的感情。

I am not interested in whether they believe in me or not.

我对他们是否信任我不感兴趣。

2.有些动词如 discuss、decide后的宾语从句常用 whether引导

The old lady hasn&39;t decided whether she will live with her daughter in the city.

那位老妇人还没有决定是否要和女儿一起住在城里。

We’re now discussing whether we should cooperate with these three companies.

我们现在正讨论是否应该与这三家公司合作。

3.与or not连用时,一般用 whether不用 if

I wonder whether or not we should make it clear that we&39;ve lost this game.

我在想我们是否应该宣布我们已经输了这场比赛。

4.宾语从句置于句首时,一般用 whether 不用 if

Whether they will join in the Winter Camp, I don&39;t care.

我不在乎他们是否参加冬令营。

5.在容易产生歧义的句子中，常用 whether引导宾语从句，而不用 if

Let me know whether you can come.

告诉我你是否能来。

宾语从句中不可省略 that 的情况

that引导宾语从句时，一般情况下可以省略,但在下列情况中一般不省略：

1.在 explain、agree等动词后引导宾语从句时

He explained that it had been a difficult film to make.

他解释说这部电影很难制作。

Most people nowadays agree that a good pub is one of our best traditions.

如今大多数人都赞同一家好的小酒馆就是我们最好的传统之一。

2.宾语从句较长时

We all think that what the public is badly in need of is nothing but the development of economy.

我们都认为公众所急需的只是经济的发展。

3.主句中的状语置于宾语从句之前时

I realized at once that I had done wrong immediately she told me all about this.

她一告诉我所有的事情，我立刻就意识到我做错了。

4.宾语从句中的状语置于该从句句首时

He told us that, if we could all come to help out, the whole situation would be looking up.

他告诉我们说,如果我们能够全部来帮忙,整个局势将会好转。

5.主句谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时

When Marx got to England, he found, however, that his English was so limited that he couldn&39;t go on with his common affairs.

然而，当马克思到达英国时，他发现他的英语很有限以至于不能继续他的日常事务。

6.动词带有多个并列的that引导的宾语从句时，除第一个that外，其余的that均不可省略

Then the teacher began to talk to us about the French language, saying it was the most beautiful tongue in the world, and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.

接着，老师开始给我们讲一些有关法语的事情。他说法谱是世界上最美的语言，我们必须记住它，永远不要忘记。

7.宾语从句的主语是this、that或有this、that修饰时

Some people think that this part of Scotland with its lakes and mountains is more beautiful than the West of England.

有些人认为苏格兰有湖有山的这一部分比英格兰西部更美丽。

8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或从句时

Mother told me that understanding your own needs and styles of communication was as

important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.

妈妈告诉我，明白自己的需求与沟通方式和学会表达爱和情绪同等重要。

However, many people simply couldn&39;t believe that what he had written was true.

然而,很多人恰怡不相信他所写的是真的。

9.主句中的谓语动词是固定短语时

I made up my mind that I would never get married.

我下定决心永不结婚。

10.宾语从句由 it 作形式宾语替代时

We all consider it very important that children should take plenty of milk as they grow.我们

都认为孩子在长身体时多喝牛奶是非常重要的。

11.引述动词把直接引语中的主句与宾语从句隔开时

&34;I&39;m extremely sorry to tell you,&34; the man said, &34;that you missed the last train once again.&34;

那个男子说道:“我非常遗憾地告诉你，你又错过了最后一班车。”

宾语从句的否定转移

主句谓语动词是think、 believe、 imagine、 suppose、consider、 expect、fancy、 guess等时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。翻译时否定意义体现在从句上。

I don&39;t think they&39;ll stick out to the last minute.

我认为他们不会坚持到最后一分钟的。

I don&39;t suppose that&39;s his fault.

我认为那不是他的过错。

宾语从句的时态

宾语从句的时态常常受到主句的时态的影响，因而在使用时要注意主句与从句两部分的时态保持一致

1.主句如果是现在时或将来时，从句可用除过去完成时、过去完成进行时以外任何所需要的时态

I know you don&39;t know what I think at all.

我知道你根本不知道我在想什么。

I know he didn&39;t tell you that he would come then.我知道他没告诉你他那时要来。

I will let you know whether I will come or not directly I check my schedule.

核实完我的安排，我就告诉你我是否来。

2.主句如果是过去时态，从句一般要用过去的某种时态

I only knew he was studying in a western country, but I didn&39;t know what country he was in.

我只知道他当时在一个西方国家学习，可不知道是哪个国家。

He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.

他告诉我他已经把会议的事告诉了玛丽。

The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the rebellion.记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压叛乱。

?[微风]特别提示

宾语从句表示客观事实和真理时，无论主句使用何种时态，从句都用一般现在时。

The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.

老师告诉我们光速比声速快。

He told me his sister is ten years older than him.

他告诉我他姐姐比他大十岁。